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<h4>Harmonics &nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onClick="var e; if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion)>=4){e=event;}  if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >=2 && typeof(PopupMenu_Invoke) == 'function') PopupMenu_Invoke(e,'','Harmonics Measurements (Examples)','../../../Measurement_Examples/Frequency_Converting_DUTs/Harmonics_Measurements.htm','SENSe:FREQuency:CONVersion','../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion');return false;" title="Related Topics"><img src="../../../ss_btn_related_topics.gif" border=0 height=20 width=96 alt="Related Topics"></a>


 &nbsp;</h4>

<p>The <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Harmonics</I></span> submenu<span 
 style="font-style: italic;"> <I></I></span>controls the measurement of arbitrary 
 harmonics or ratios between harmonics and the fundamental wave. Together 
 with the <a HREF="Mixer_Mode.htm"
			id=A33
			style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><span 
 style="font-style: italic;"><I>Mixer</I></span></a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A33');
//--></script> 
 measurement<span style="font-style: italic; x-condition: ZVA_T;"> <I></I></span><span 
 style="x-condition: ZVA_T;">and the arbitrary configuration of generator 
 and receiver frequencies </span><span style="font-style: italic; x-condition: ZVA_T;"><I>(<a 
 HREF="Channel_Mode.htm#Port_Configuration"
	id=A34
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Port 
 Configuration</a><script type="text/javascript"
												language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A34');
//--></script>)</I></span><span 
 style="font-style: italic;"><I>,</I></span> the harmonics measurement is included 
 in option R&amp;S <span 
 style="x-condition: ZVA_T;">ZVA-K4</span>. </p>

<p class=Dropdownline><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs1"><a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a17" style="x-text-underline: normal;
												color: #008000;
												/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative;
												text-decoration: underline; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Harmonics 
 Measurements</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a17');
//--></script></p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP177539998" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>Harmonics are signals at an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. 
 The fundamental is the first harmonic, the n<span style="vertical-align: Super;">th</span> 
 harmonic is n times the frequency of the fundamental. The production of 
 harmonic frequencies by an electronic system when a signal is applied 
 at the input is known as harmonic distortion. &nbsp;</p>
 <p>The purpose of the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Harmonics </I></span>menu 
 is to measure the harmonic distortion of a DUT. To this end the source 
 remains at the fundamental frequency whereas the receiver is set to n 
 times the fundamental frequency. Two different types of results are provided:</p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List>In the direct measurement, the 
 n<span style="vertical-align: Super;">th</span> harmonic of the stimulus 
 signal is measured. The result is displayed as a wave quantity but can 
 be modified and converted using the functions in the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Trace 
 </I></span><span>menu</span>. </p></li>
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List>In the relative measurement, 
 the n<span style="vertical-align: Super;">th</span> harmonic of the stimulus 
 signal is divided by 1<span style="vertical-align: Super;">st</span> harmonic 
 (fundamental) received from the DUT. The result corresponds to the n<span 
 style="vertical-align: Super;">th</span> harmonic distortion factor. </p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>Harmonic distortion measurements can be performed irrespective of the 
 sweep type: A frequency sweep yields the harmonics as a function of the 
 frequency, a power sweep yields the power-dependent harmonics at fixed 
 frequency. &nbsp;</p>
</div>
<p class=Figure><img src="Harmonic_Distortion_menu.gif" width="475px" height="212px" border="0" class="img_whs3"></p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#2nd_Harmonic"
	id=A1
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">2nd 
 Harmonic Port 1 to Port 2...</a><script type="text/javascript"
															language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A1');
//--></script></I></span> 
 activates the measurement of the second harmonic at port 2 with port 1 
 as source port. &nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#3rd_Harmonic"
	id=a2
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">3rd 
 Harmonic Port 1 to Port 2...</a><script type="text/javascript"
															language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a2');
//--></script></I></span> 
 activates the measurement of the third harmonic at port 2 with port 1 
 as source port. &nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#More_Harmonics"
	id=a4
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">More 
 Harmonics</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a4');
//--></script></I></span> 
 opens a dialog for higher harmonics and arbitrary source and receive ports. 
 &nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#Freq"
	id=a5
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Freq 
 Conv Off</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a5');
//--></script></I></span> 
 activates the measurement of the fundamental with the current port assignments 
 and trace settings. &nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#Relative_Measurement"
	id=a7
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Relative 
 Measurement</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a7');
//--></script></I></span> 
 calculates the ratio of the selected harmonic to the fundamental and displays 
 the result as a new trace. &nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Harmonic_Distortion.htm#Harmonic_Power_Cal"
	id=A35
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Harmonic 
 Power Cal...</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A35');
//--></script></I></span> 
 opens a dialog to perform a power calibration of the signal source and 
 of the receiver. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p></li>
</ul>

<p class=Note><a name=Note></a><img src="../../../small_images/note.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs4"> The result of several harmonic 
 measurements can be displayed in a common diagram area (see <a HREF="../../../System_Overview/Analyzer_Model/Traces_and_Channels.htm"
	id=a9
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Traces, 
 Channels and Diagram Areas</a><script type="text/javascript"
															language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a9');
//--></script>). 
 To make the comparison of the fundamental trace and the harmonics easier 
 the stimulus axis for frequency sweeps remains unchanged, and all fundamentals 
 are displayed as a function of the stimulus frequency (rather than the 
 harmonic frequencies). <br>
A warning <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Frequency out of range. Please 
 check dialog Mode: Port Configuration. </I></span>is displayed if one of the 
 harmonic frequencies to be measured exceeds the frequency range of the 
 analyzer. The harmonic traces are truncated at the maximum receiver frequency. 
 <br>
The harmonic measurement mode is cancelled if the channel settings (e.g. 
 port assignments, port frequencies) are no longer compatible with the 
 selected harmonic. </p>

<p class=Linkline
	style="color: #ff0000; x-condition: OLH;"><img src="../../../small_images/helpwoval3.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="42px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs5"> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><font color=blue ><a 
 HREF="../../../Measurement_Examples/Frequency_Converting_DUTs/Harmonics_Measurements.htm#Harmonics_Measurement"
	id=A6
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Measuring 
 harmonics</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A6');
//--></script></font></span></p>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=2nd_Harmonic></a>2nd Harmonic Port1 to 
 Port2</span> </h5>

<p>Activates the measurement of the second harmonic at port 2 with port 
 1 as source port. The active trace shows the wave quantity b<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">2</span>. 
 It is possible, however, to display other quantities and change the trace 
 settings. A label <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>H2 </I></span>in the channel 
 list indicates that the second harmonic measurement is active. </p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Channel_H2.gif" width="380px" height="20px" border="0" class="img_whs7"></p>

<p>In a frequency sweep the 2<span style="vertical-align: Super;">nd</span> 
 harmonic is displayed as a function of the stimulus frequency<span style="x-condition: OLH;">; 
 see <a href="Harmonic_Distortion.htm#Note"
		id=A10
		style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">general 
 note</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A10');
//--></script></span>. 
 </p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs8">

<tr valign="top" class="whs9">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs10">
<p class="whs11">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13"><a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_ORDer"
	id=a12
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:ORDer 
 2</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a12');
//--></script><a 
 href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_RPORt"
	id=a13
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:RPORt 2</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a13');
//--></script><a 
 href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_SPORt"
	id=a14
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:SPORt 1</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a14');
//--></script></p>
<p class="whs13"><span 
 style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Alternative:</span> <a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion"
	id=A22
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion 
 SHARmonic</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A22');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=3rd_Harmonic></a>3rd Harmonic Port1 to 
 Port2</span> </h5>

<p>Activates the measurement of the third harmonic at port 2 with port 
 1 as source port. The active trace shows the wave quantity b<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">2</span>. 
 It is possible, however, to display other quantities and change the trace 
 settings. A label <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>H3 </I></span>in the channel 
 list indicates that the third harmonic measurement is active. </p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Channel_H3.gif" width="377px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs14"></p>

<p>In a frequency sweep the 3<span style="vertical-align: Super;">r</span><span 
 style="vertical-align: Super;">d</span> harmonic is displayed as a function 
 of the stimulus frequency<span style="x-condition: OLH;">; see <a href="Harmonic_Distortion.htm#Note"
	id=a11
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">general 
 note</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a11');
//--></script></span>. 
 </p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs8">

<tr valign="top" class="whs9">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs10">
<p class="whs11">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_ORDer"
	id=A15
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:ORDer 
 3</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A15');
//--></script><a 
 HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_RPORt"
	id=A16
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:RPORt 2</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A16');
//--></script><a 
 HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_SPORt"
	id=A18
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:SPORt 1</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A18');
//--></script></p>
<p class="whs13"><span 
 style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Alternative:</span> <a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion"
	id=a24
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion 
 THARmonic</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a24');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=More_Harmonics></a>More Harmonics...</span> 
 </h5>

<p>Opens a dialog for higher harmonics and arbitrary source and receive 
 ports. </p>

<p class=Figure><img src="More_Harmonics_dialog.jpg" width="252px" height="164px" border="0" class="img_whs15"> </p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List>The <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Source 
 </I></span>port provides the stimulus signal at the fundamental frequency. 
 </p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List>The receive port <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Harmonics 
 Measured at:)</I></span> measures the signal at n times the fundamental frequency 
 where n is the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Harmonic Order.</I></span> 
 </p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List>The <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Harmonic 
 Order </I></span>can be set in the range between 2 (2<span style="vertical-align: Super;">nd</span> 
 harmonic) and 100. </p></li>
</ul>

<p>A label <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>H&lt;n&gt; </I></span>in the channel 
 list indicates that the n<span style="vertical-align: Super;">th</span> 
 harmonic measurement is active. </p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Channel_H10.gif" width="377px" height="17px" border="0" class="img_whs16"></p>

<p>In a frequency sweep all harmonics are displayed as a function of the 
 stimulus frequency<span style="x-condition: OLH;">; see <a href="Harmonic_Distortion.htm#Note"
															id=a8
															style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">general 
 note</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a8');
//--></script></span>. 
 </p>

<p class=Note><img src="../../../small_images/tip.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs4"> Use <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>2nd 
 Harmonic Port1 to Port2</I></span> and <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>3rd 
 Harmonic Port1 to Port2 </I></span>to activate the measurement of the second 
 and third harmonics with a single menu command. &nbsp;</p>

<p class=Linkline
	style="color: #ff0000; x-condition: OLH;"><span style="color: #ff0000; x-condition: OLH;"><font color=red ><img src="../../../small_images/helpwoval3.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="42px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs17"> <span style="color: #0000ff; x-condition: OLH;"><font color=blue ><a href="../../../Measurement_Examples/Frequency_Converting_DUTs/Harmonics_Measurements.htm#Harmonics_Measurement"
	id=a31
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Measuring 
 harmonics</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a31');
//--></script></font></span></font></span></p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs8">

<tr valign="top" class="whs9">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs10">
<p class="whs11">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13"><a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_ORDer"
	id=a19
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:ORDer</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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 &lt;order&gt;<a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_RPORt"
				id=a20
				style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:RPORt</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
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 &lt;port_no&gt;<a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_SPORt"
					id=a21
					style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:SPORt</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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 &lt;port_no&gt;</td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=Freq
							Conv
							Off></a>Freq Conv Off</span> </h5>

<p>Activates the measurement of the fundamental with the current port assignments 
 and trace settings. This effectively disables the harmonics measurement 
 for the active channel. </p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs8">

<tr valign="top" class="whs9">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs10">
<p class="whs11">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13"><a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion"
	id=a25
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion 
 FUNDamental</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=Relative_Measurement></a>Relative Measurement</span> 
 </h5>

<p>Calculates the ratio of the selected harmonic to the fundamental (harmonic 
 distortion factor) and displays the result as a new trace. To avoid confusion 
 between the original harmonic and the relative measurement, the harmonic 
 is hidden (invisible) but can be retrieved using the <a HREF="../../Trace/Trace_Select/Trace_Select.htm#Trace_Manager"
														id=A27
														style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Trace 
 Manager</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A27');
//--></script>. 
 </p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Relative_Traces.gif" width="348px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs18"> </p>

<p>The relative trace belongs to a new channel. In the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 HREF="../../Trace/Format/Trace_Format.htm#dB_Mag"
	id=A28
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">dB Mag</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A28');
//--></script></I></span> 
 trace<span style="font-style: italic;"> <I></I></span>format, the trace points 
 are dB values, after conversion to the <a HREF="../../Trace/Format/Trace_Format.htm#Lin_Mag"
											id=A29
											style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">lin 
 Mag</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script> 
 format, they correspond to the (dimensionless) ratio of two voltages:</p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Relative_Trace_Formula.gif" width="269px" height="49px" border="0" class="img_whs19"> </p>

<p class=Dropdownline><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs1"><a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a26" style="x-text-underline: normal;
												color: #008000;
												/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative;
												text-decoration: underline; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Calculation 
 of the Relative Trace</a><script type="text/javascript"
														language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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<div class="droptext" id="POPUP262065436" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>To obtain the relative trace the analyzer must measure the fundamental 
 signal in addition to the active harmonic. In a frequency sweep the two 
 measurements require different sweep ranges so that the fundamental is 
 measured in a new channel. The relative trace is then calculated using 
 trace mathematics. </p>
 <p>Assume that the active 2<span style="vertical-align: Super;">nd</span> 
 harmonic belongs to channel Ch1 with a sweep range between 10 MHz and 
 2 GHz. The relative measurement involves the following steps: </p>
 <ol>
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>The analyzer creates 
 a new channel Ch2 with maximum sweep range, e.g. for a 24 GHz analyzer: 
 </p></li>
 </ol>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="Channel_List_relative_harmonic.gif" width="406px" height="38px" border="0" class="img_whs20"></p>
 <ol start="2" type="1" class="whs21">
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>The harmonic trace 
 is measured with Ch1 settings, the fundamental trace is measured with 
 Ch2 settings. </p></li>
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>The analyzer enables 
 the <a HREF="../../Trace/Trace_Funct/Trace_Funct.htm#User_Def_Math"
		id=a30
		style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">trace 
 mathematics</a> 
 and divides the harmonic trace by the fundamental trace: </p></li>
 </ol>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="Relative_trace_mathematics.jpg" width="285px" height="372px" border="0" class="img_whs22"></p>
 <ol start="4" type="1" class="whs21">
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>The harmonic trace 
 is hidden (invisible); the relative trace is displayed as a mathematical 
 trace. </p></li>
 </ol>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="Relative_Traces.gif" width="348px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs18"></p>
</div>
<p class=Linkline
	style="color: #ff0000; x-condition: OLH;"><img src="../../../small_images/helpwoval3.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="42px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs17"> <a href="../../../Measurement_Examples/Frequency_Converting_DUTs/Harmonics_Measurements.htm#Relative_Measurement"
	id=a32
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Performing 
 a relative measurement</a><script type="text/javascript"
														language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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<table x-use-null-cells class="whs8">

<tr valign="top" class="whs9">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs10">
<p class="whs11">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13"><a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/SENSe/SENSe_FREQuency.htm#CONVersion_HARMonic_RELative"
	id=a23
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">[SENSe&lt;Ch&gt;:]FREQuency:CONVersion:HARMonic:RELative 
 ON</a><script type="text/javascript"
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</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


<h5><span class=dropspot><a name=Harmonic_Power_Cal></a>Harmonic Power 
 Cal</span></h5>

<p>Opens a dialog to perform a power calibration of the signal source and 
 of the receiver. A power calibration ensures accurate levels at the input 
 of the DUT (source power calibration) and an accurate power measurement 
 of the harmonic (receiver calibration). The necessary calibration steps 
 are automatically performed across the entire frequency range of the active 
 harmonic measurement<span style="font-style: italic;"><I>.</I></span> </p>

<p class=Dropdownline><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs1"><a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a41" style="x-text-underline: normal;
												color: #008000;
												/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative;
												text-decoration: underline; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Harmonic 
 Power Cal procedure and example</a><script type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script></p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP176071229" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>Due to the different frequency ranges of the input and output signals, 
 the harmonic power calibration must be performed in two steps. For a test 
 setup where the DUT's input signal (fundamental signal) is provided by 
 analyzer port 1 and where the harmonic is analyzed at port 2, the following 
 test setups are required: &nbsp;</p>
 <ol>
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>Source power calibration 
 for the fundamental signal. A power sensor is connected to port 1. The 
 RF power (red) is calibrated over the selected sweep range. &nbsp;</p></li>
 </ol>
 <p class=Figure><img src="Source_power_calibration_setup.jpg" width="437px" height="241px" border="0" class="img_whs23"></p>
 <ol start="2" type="1" class="whs21">
  <li class=kadov-p-CProcedure>
  <p class=Procedure>Receiver power calibration 
 for the selected harmonic. No external device is needed. The receiver 
 (port 2) is calibrated at the IF frequency using the source signal from 
 port 1 (red) calibrated in the first step. </p></li>
 </ol>
 <p class=Figure><img src="Receiver_Power_calibration_setup.jpg" width="441px" height="215px" border="0" class="img_whs24"></p>
</div>
<p class=Figure
	style="x-condition: Webhelp_Print;"><img src="Harmonic_Calibration_menu.jpg" width="190px" height="342px" border="0" class="img_whs25"> </p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Ext. 
 Power Meter Config... </I></span>opens the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>System 
 Configuration </I></span>&#8211; 
 <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a href="../../System/System_Menu.htm#External_Power_Meters"
										id=a38
										style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">External 
 Power Meters</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a38');
//--></script></I></span> 
 dialog for adding and configuring external power meters. </p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Take 
 Cal Sweep</I></span> in the two numbered panels<span style="font-style: italic;"> 
 <I></I></span>start the calibration sweeps for the source and receiver calibaration, 
 respectively. The calibration sweep are performed at the test settings 
 defined in the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a href="../Calibration/Power_Calibration.htm#Source_Power_Cal"
													id=A42
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Source 
 Power Cal</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A42');
//--></script> 
 </I></span>and <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a href="../Calibration/Power_Calibration.htm#Receiver_Power_Cal"
												id=A43
												style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Receiver 
 Power Cal</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A43');
//--></script> 
 </I></span>menus. A popup box shows the progress of the calibration. </p></li>
</ul>

<p class=Figure><img src="Take_cal_sweep.jpg" width="285px" height="212px" border="0" class="img_whs26"> </p>

<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs6">


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