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<h4>Trace Statistics &nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onClick="var e; if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion)>=4){e=event;}  if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >=2 && typeof(PopupMenu_Invoke) == 'function') PopupMenu_Invoke(e,'','Data Flow','../../../System_Overview/Analyzer_Model/Copy_of_Basic_Concepts.htm','Measured Quantities','../Measure/Trace_-_Measure.htm','Trace - Format','../Format/Trace_Format.htm','Trace Funct','Trace_Funct.htm','Trace Statistics (Meas. Examples)','../../../Measurement_Examples/Trace_Evaluation/Trace_Statistics.htm');return false;" title="Related Topics"><img src="../../../ss_btn_related_topics.gif" border=0 height=20 width=96 alt="Related Topics"></a>


 </h4>

<p>Opens a submenu to evaluate and display statistical and phase information 
 of the entire trace or of a specific evaluation range and calculate the 
 x-dB compression point.</p>

<p class=Figure
	style="color: #ff0000;"><img src="Trace_Eval_menu.gif" width="433px" height="366px" border="0" class="img_whs1"></p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Statistical_Eval"
	id=A2
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Min/Max/Peak-Peak</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A2');
//--></script></I></span> 
 displays or hides the essential statistical parameters of the trace in 
 the selected evaluation range<span style="font-style: italic;"><I>. </I></span>&nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Statistical_Eval"
	id=A19
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Mean/Std 
 Dev</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A19');
//--></script></I></span> 
 displays or hides the arithmetic mean value and the standard deviation 
 of the trace in the selected evaluation range<span style="font-style: italic;"><I>. 
 </I></span>&nbsp;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Statistical_Eval"
	id=A20
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">RMS</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A20');
//--></script></I></span> 
 displays or hides the RMS value of the trace in the selected evaluation 
 range<span style="font-style: italic;"><I>.</I></span></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Phase_Eval"
	id=A3
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Phase 
 Delay/El Length</a><script type="text/javascript"
												language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A3');
//--></script></I></span> 
 displays or hides the phase delay and the electrical length of the trace 
 in the selected evaluation range <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Eval 
 Range...). </I></span></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Compression_Point"
	id=A38
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Compression 
 Point</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A38');
//--></script></I></span> 
 starts the x-dB compression point evaluation </p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Define_Compression_Value"
	id=A39
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Define 
 Compression Value...</a><script type="text/javascript"
													language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A39');
//--></script></I></span> 
 sets the compression level (x dB).<span style="font-style: italic;"> <I></I></span></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
	id=A14
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Eval 
 Range...</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A14');
//--></script></I></span> 
 opens a dialog to define the range for the statistical and phase evaluation 
 and for the compression point measurement. &nbsp;</p></li>
</ul>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h5><a name=Statistical_Eval></a>Statistical Evaluation</h5>

<p>The first three commands in the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Trace 
 Eval </I></span>submenu display or hide the maximum <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Max.)</I></span>, 
 minimum <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Min.),</I></span> the peak-to-peak 
 value <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Pk-Pk),</I></span> arithmetic mean 
 value <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Mean)</I></span>, the standard deviation 
 <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Std. Dev.)</I></span>, and<span style="font-style: italic;"> 
 <I></I></span>the<span style="font-style: italic;"><I> RMS</I></span> value of all response 
 values of the trace in the selected evaluation range <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(<a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
	id=A10
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Eval 
 Range...</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A10');
//--></script>).</I></span></p>

<p class=Figure
	style="font-style: italic;"><img src="Stat_Eval.gif" width="137px" height="92px" border="0" class="img_whs4"></p>

<p><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs5"> <a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a5" style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Definition 
 of statistical quantities</a><script type="text/javascript"
															language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a5');
//--></script></p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP175742316" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>The statistical quantities are calculated from all response values in 
 the selected <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
				id=a4
				style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">evaluation 
 range</a>. 
 Suppose that the trace in the evaluation range contains n stimulus values 
 x<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i</span> and n corresponding response 
 values y<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i</span> (measurement points).</p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Mean</I></span> 
 is the arithmetic mean value of all response values: </p></li>
 </ul>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="Mean_Formula.gif" width="123px" height="47px" border="0" class="img_whs6"></p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Std. 
 Deviation </I></span>is the standard deviation of all response values: </p></li>
 </ul>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="Std_Dev_Formula.gif" width="257px" height="55px" border="0" class="img_whs7"></p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Max. 
 </I></span>and <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Min. </I></span>are the largest 
 and the smallest of all response values y<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i</span>. 
 </p></li>
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List>&nbsp;RMS 
 is the root mean square (effective value) of all response values:</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p class=Figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="RMS_Formula.gif" width="132px" height="55px" border="0" class="img_whs8"></p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>P-P</I></span> 
 is the peak-to-peak value and is equal to the difference <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Max. 
 &#8211; Min.</I></span></p></li>
 </ul>
 <p class=Note><img src="../../../small_images/note.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9"> The definitions given above apply to all 
 linear, scalar trace <a HREF="../Format/Trace_Format.htm"
						id=a7
						style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">formats</a>. 
 For a <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>dB Mag </I></span>trace, the <span 
 style="font-style: italic;"><I>Mean, Std. Dev. </I></span>and <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>RMS 
 </I></span>are calculated before logarithmation. </p>
</div><table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs15"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#STATe"
													id=A22
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics[:STATe]</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A22');
//--></script><a 
 HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#RESult"
	id=A23
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics:RESult? MIN | MAX | PEAK2P | MEAN | STDDev 
 | RMS</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A23');
//--></script> 
 </td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h5><a name=Phase_Eval></a>El. Length/Phase Delay</h5>

<p>Displays or hides the phase delay <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(Delay) 
 </I></span>and the electrical length <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(EL) 
 </I></span>of the trace in the selected evaluation range <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(<a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
	id=a21
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Eval 
 Range...</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a21');
//--></script></I></span><span 
 style="font-style: italic;"><I>)</I></span>. The parameters are only available 
 for trace formats that contain phase information, i.e. for the <a href="../Format/Trace_Format.htm"
	id=a1
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">formats</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a1');
//--></script> 
 &nbsp;<span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Phase, 
 Unwrapped Phase</I></span>, and the polar diagram formats <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Polar, 
 Smith, Inverted Smith</I></span>. Moreover, the <a HREF="../../Channel/Sweep/Sweep_Type.htm"
												id=A16
												style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">sweep 
 type</a><script type="text/javascript"
									language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A16');
//--></script> 
 must be a <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>frequency sweep.</I></span></p>

<p class=Figure><img src="Phase_Eval.gif" width="143px" height="33px" border="0" class="img_whs16"></p>

<p class=Beftext><span class=dropspot><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs5"></span> <a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a6" style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Definition 
 of phase parameters</a><script type="text/javascript"
													language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a6');
//--></script></p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP174692317" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>The phase parameters are obtained from an approximation to the derivative 
 of the phase with respect to frequency in the selected <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
															id=a8
															style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">evaluation 
 range</a>. 
 </p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Delay 
 </I></span>is the phase delay, which is an approximation to the group delay 
 and calculated as follows: &nbsp;</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p class=Figure
	style="margin-left: 36pt;"><img src="PD_Formula.gif" width="119px" height="43px" border="0" class="img_whs17">, </p>
 <p class=Figure
	style="margin-left: 36pt;">where <span style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">D</span>f 
 is the width of the evaluation range and <span style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">DF</span> 
 is the corresponding phase change. See also note on transmission and reflection 
 parameters below. </p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>EL 
 </I></span>is the electrical length, which is product of the phase delay times 
 the speed of light in the vacuum. &nbsp;</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>If no dispersion occurs the phase delay is equal to the group delay. 
 For more information see <a HREF="../Format/Trace_Format.htm#Delay"
							id=a9
							style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">mathematical 
 relations</a>. 
 </p>
 <p>If a dispersive connector type (i.e. a waveguide; see <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="../../Channel/Calibration/Calibration_Kits.htm#Offset_Model_Dialog"
	id=a53
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Offset 
 Model</a></I></span>dialog) is assigned to a test port related to a particular quantity, 
 then the dispersion effects of the connector are taken into account for 
 the calculation of the phase delay and the electrical length. </p>
 <p class=Note><img src="../../../small_images/note.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9">To account for the propagation in both directions, 
 the delay and the electrical length of a reflection parameter is only 
 half the delay and the electrical length of a transmission parameter. 
 The formula for PD above is for transmission parameters. See also introduction 
 to section <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a HREF="../../Channel/Offset/Channel_-_Offset.htm"
												id=a40
												style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Channel 
 &#8211; Offset</a></I></span>. 
 &nbsp;</p>
 <p class=Note><img src="../../../small_images/note.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9"> The phase parameters are available only if 
 the evaluation range contains at least 3 measurement points. </p>
</div>
<p class=Beftext><img src="../../../small_images/tip.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9"> The phase evaluation can cause misleading 
 results if the evaluation range contains a <img src="../../../small_images/Plusminus_normal.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="12px" height="11px" border="0" class="img_whs18">360 deg phase 
 jump. The trace format <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a HREF="../Format/Trace_Format.htm#Unwrapped_Phase"
															id=A18
															style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Unwrapped 
 Phase</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A18');
//--></script></I></span> 
 avoids this behavior.</p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs15"><a href="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#STATe"
													id=a24
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics[:STATe]</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a24');
//--></script><a 
 href="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#RESult"
	id=a25
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics:RESult? ELENgth | PDELay</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a25');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h5><a name=Compression_Point></a>Compression Point</h5>

<p>Displays or hides all results related to the x-dB compression point 
 of the trace, where x is the selected <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Define_Compression_Value"
											id=A31
											style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">compression 
 value</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A31');
//--></script>. 
 To obtain a valid compression point results, a power sweep must be active, 
 the trace format must be <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>dB Mag</I></span> 
 and either an S-parameter or a ratio must be measured. </p>

<p class=Dropdownline><img src="../../../small_images/info_red.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="32px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs5"><a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a32" style="color: #008000; /*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Compression 
 point</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a32');
//--></script></p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP246583903" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>The x-dB compression point of an S-parameter or ratio is the stimulus 
 signal level where the magnitude of the measured quantity has dropped 
 by x dB compared to its value at small stimulus signal levels (small-signal 
 value). As an approximation for the small-signal value, the analyzer uses 
 the value at the start level of the evaluation range <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>(<a 
 href="Trace_Eval.htm#Eval_Range"
	id=a34
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Eval 
 Range...</a></I></span><span 
 style="font-style: italic;"><I>)</I></span>. &nbsp;</p>
 <p class=Figure><img src="Compress_point_definition.gif" width="394px" height="180px" border="0" class="img_whs19"></p>
 <p>The compression point is a measure for the upper edge of the linearity 
 range of a DUT. It is close to the highest input signal level for which 
 the DUT shows a linear response (|a<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">n</span>| 
 &#8212;&gt; 
 x*|a<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">n</span>| <img src="../../../small_images/Arrow_right.gif" height="13px" width="48px" border="0" class="img_whs20"> |b<span 
 style="vertical-align: Sub;">n</span>| &#8212;&gt; 
 x*|b<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">n</span>|, so that the magnitude 
 of all S-parameters remains constant). </p>
</div>
<p class=beftext>When <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Compression Point 
 </I></span><span>is activated, a marker labeled </span><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Cmp 
 </I></span><span>is placed to compression point with the smallest stimulus 
 level</span>. Moreover the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Trace Statistics 
 </I></span><span>info field shows the numerical results of the compression 
 point measurement:</span> </p>

<p class=Figure
	style="color: #ff0000;"><img src="Cmp_Display.gif" width="250px" height="63px" border="0" class="img_whs21"></p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Cmp 
 In</I></span> is the stimulus level at the compression point in units of dBm.</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Cmp 
 Out </I></span>is the magnitude of the wave reflected or transmitted by the 
 DUT. If an S-parameter S<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">ij</span> is 
 measured, then <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Cmp Out </I></span>is the 
 magnitude of the wave b<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i</span>. </p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p-CList><p class=List>The ratio <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Cmp 
 Out</I></span> /<span style="font-style: italic;"><I> Cmp In</I></span> (in the example 
 above: &#8211;14 
 dB) is equal to the magnitude of the measured S-parameter or ratio at 
 the compression point. </p></li>
</ul>

<p>The info field shows invalid results ('---') if the wrong sweep type, 
 trace format or measured quantity is selected, or if the trace contains 
 no x-dB compression points in the selected evaluation range. </p>

<p class=Linkline
	style="x-condition: OLH; color: #000000;"><span class=dropspot><img src="../../../small_images/helpwoval3.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="42px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs22"></span> <a HREF="../../../Measurement_Examples/Trace_Evaluation/Trace_Statistics.htm#Compression_Point"
						id=A35
						style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Measuring 
 the x-dB compression point</a><script type="text/javascript"
															language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script></p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs23">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs24"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#COMP_RESult"
	id=A41
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate:STATistics:NLINear:COMP:RESult?</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A41');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h5><a name=Define_Compression_Value></a>Define Compression Value</h5>

<p class="whs25">Opens the numeric entry 
 bar to define the compression value x (in dB) for the <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Compression_Point"
															id=A33
															style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">compression 
 point</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A33');
//--></script> 
 measurement. </p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs23">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs24"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#COMP_LEVel"
	id=A42
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate:STATistics:NLINear:COMP:LEVel</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A42');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h5><a name=Eval_Range></a>Eval Range</h5>

<p>Opens a dialog to define the range for the <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Statistical_Eval"
												id=A11
												style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">statistical</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A11');
//--></script> 
 and <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Phase_Eval"
		id=A12
		style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">phase</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A12');
//--></script> 
 evaluation and for the x-dB <a href="Trace_Eval.htm#Compression_Point"
								id=A36
								style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">compression 
 point</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A36');
//--></script> 
 measurement. The evaluation range is a continuous interval of the sweep 
 variable.</p>

<p class=Figure
	style="x-condition: Webhelp_Print;"><img src="Evaluation_range_menu.jpg" width="206px" height="202px" border="0" class="img_whs26"></p>

<p>It is possible to select, define and display up to ten different evaluation 
 ranges for each setup. <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Full Span </I></span>means 
 that the search range is equal to the<span style="font-style: italic;"> 
 <I><A href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="BSSCPopup('Trace_Eval_text0.htm');return false;" onMouseOver="if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4) BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="popupspot" >sweep 
 range</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a17');
//--></script>. 
 </I></span>The statistical and phase evaluation and the compression point 
 measurement take into account all measurement points with stimulus values 
 x<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i</span> between the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Start</I></span> 
 and <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Stop</I></span> value of the evaluation 
 range:</p>

<p class=Figure><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Start </I></span><img src="../../../small_images/Smaller_equal.gif" width="13px" height="13px" border="0" class="img_whs27"> x<span style="vertical-align: Sub;">i </span><img src="../../../small_images/Smaller_equal.gif" width="13px" height="13px" border="0" class="img_whs27"> Stop</p>

<p class=Note><img src="../../../small_images/note.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9"> The evaluation ranges are identical to the 
 marker search ranges. For more information see <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 HREF="../Search/Search_Range.htm#Search_Range_Dialog"
	id=A13
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Search 
 Range Dialog</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A13');
//--></script>.</I></span> 
 </p>

<p class=Linkline
	style="x-condition: OLH;"><span class=dropspot><img src="../../../small_images/helpwoval3.gif" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="42px" height="18px" border="0" class="img_whs28"></span> 
 <a HREF="../../../Measurement_Examples/Trace_Evaluation/Trace_Statistics.htm"
	id=A37
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Trace 
 statistics</a><script type="text/javascript"
											language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A37');
//--></script> 
 </p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs15"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#USER"
													id=A26
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics:DOMain:USER 
 &lt;numeric_value&gt;</a><script type="text/javascript"
														language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A26');
//--></script><a 
 HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#USER_STARt"
	id=A27
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics:DOMain:USER:STARt &lt;numeric_value&gt;</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A27');
//--></script><a 
 HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_STATistics.htm#USER_STOP"
	id=A28
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ "><br>
CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:STATistics:DOMain:USER:STOP &lt;numeric_value&gt;</a><script 
 type="text/javascript"
	language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('A28');
//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h4><a name=Smoothing_On></a>Smoothing On</h4>

<p>Activates the smoothing function for the active trace, which may be 
 a data or a memory trace. With active smoothing function, each <A href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="BSSCPopup('Trace_Eval_text1.htm');return false;" onMouseOver="if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4) BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="popupspot" >measurement 
 point</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a47');
//--></script> 
 is replaced by the arithmetic mean value of all measurement points located 
 in a symmetric interval centered on the stimulus value. The width of the 
 smoothing interval is referred to as the <span style="font-style: italic;"><I><a 
 href="#Smoothing_Aperture"
	id=a48
	style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Smoothing 
 Aperture</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a48');
//--></script></I></span> 
 and can be adjusted according to the properties of the trace. </p>

<p class=Linkline><span class=dropspot><img src="../../../small_images/tip.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9">The <a href="../../Channel/Power_Bandwidth_Average/Power_Bandwidth_Average.htm#Average_Factor"
															id=a50
															style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">sweep 
 average</a><script type="text/javascript"
										language=JavaScript1.2><!--
kadovInitEffects('a50');
//--></script> 
 is an alternative method of compensating for random effects on the trace 
 by averaging consecutive traces. Compared to smoothing, the sweep average 
 requires a longer measurement time but does not have the drawback of averaging 
 out quick variations of the measured values. </span></p>

<table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs15"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_SMOothing.htm#STATe"
													id=A29
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:SMOothing[:STATe] 
 &lt;Boolean&gt;</a><script type="text/javascript"
												language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


<h4><a name=Smoothing_Aperture></a>Smoothing Aperture </h4>

<p>Defines how many measurement points are averaged to smooth the trace 
 if smoothing is switched on. The <span style="font-style: italic;"><I>Smoothing 
 Aperture</I></span> is entered as a percentage of the total sweep span. &nbsp;</p>

<p>An aperture of n % means that the smoothing interval for each sweep 
 point i with stimulus value x<span style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: Sub;"><font size=1 style="font-size:8pt;">i</font></span> 
 is equal to [x<span style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: Sub;"><font size=1 style="font-size:8pt;">i</font></span> 
 &#8211; span*n/200, 
 x<span style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: Sub;"><font size=1 style="font-size:8pt;">i</font></span> + span*n/200], 
 and that the result of i is replaced by the arithmetic mean value of all 
 measurement points in this interval. The average is calculated for every 
 measurement point. Smoothing does not significantly increase the measurement 
 time. </p>

<p class=Linkline><img src="../../../small_images/tips.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="36px" height="37px" border="0" class="img_whs9"> <a class="dropspot" href="javascript:kadovTextPopup(this)" id="a49" style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">Finding 
 the appropriate aperture</a><script type="text/javascript"
														language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script> 
 </p>

<div class="droptext" id="POPUP175667945" style="display: 'none'; " x-ss-type="dropdown">
 <p>A large smoothing aperture enhances the smoothing effect but may also 
 average out quick variations of the measured values and thus produce misleading 
 results. To avoid errors, observe the following recommendations. </p>
 <ul type="disc" class="whs2">
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List>Start with a small aperture and 
 increase it only as long as you are certain that the trace is still correctly 
 reproduced. </p></li>
  <li class=kadov-p-CList>
  <p class=List>As a general rule, the smoothing 
 aperture should be small compared to the width of the observed structures 
 (e.g. the resonance peaks of a filter). If necessary, restrict the sweep 
 range or switch smoothing off to analyze narrow structures. </p></li>
 </ul>
</div><table x-use-null-cells class="whs10">

<tr valign="top" class="whs11">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="24%" class="whs12">
<p class="whs13">Remote control:</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="76%" class="whs14">
<p class="whs15"><a HREF="../../../SCPI_Reference/CALCulate/CALCulate_SMOothing.htm#APERture"
													id=A30
													style="/*begin!kadov{{*/ position: relative; /*}}end!kadov*/ ">CALCulate&lt;Chn&gt;:SMOothing:APERture 
 &lt;numeric_value&gt;</a><script type="text/javascript"
														language=JavaScript1.2><!--
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//--></script></td></tr>
</table>


<hr align="center" width="50%" class="whs3">


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